Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
5807 => 5 8 0 7
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 8 = 3
8 to 0 = 8
0 to 7 = 7
7 to 5 = 2
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
3 8 7 2 = 3872